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References and Materials

See below for a selection of References that indicate the efficacy of HYPOTHIOCYANITE across all pathogens.  A full set of these selected References will be provided to those who register their interest to invest into my company.

Hypothiocyanite OSCN-

Autumn 2025

Click the number to learn more about the reference:

 

CHEMISTRY : 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 23, 39, 40, 43

VIRAL : 6, 8, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 44

BACTERIAL : 4, 11, 13, 14, 16, 24, 27, 28, 31, 36, 37, 40

FUNGAL : 25, 28, 41, 42, 45

GUT: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

MOUTH: 1, 7

BIOFILM: 15

OTHERS:

Mouth 1,7; Biofilm 15;

Licking wounds; 43

GUT: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

  1. Arnold RR, Pruitt KM, Cole MF, Adamson JM, McGhee JR (1979). Salivary antibacterial mechanisms in immunodeficiency. In: Proceedings, saliva and dental caries. Spec Suppl, Microbiol Abstr. Kleinberg I, Ellison SA, Mandel ID, editors. New York: Information Retrieval, pp. 449-462.
  1. Han H, Kwon H. Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009; 72: 1380-7 SCN originates primarily from the diet.
  1. Biochem Pharmacol 2012 Dec 1: 84(ii) 1381-7. Chandler and Day. Thiocyanate role in LPO defence and antioxidant properties.
  1. Joshua D. Chandler and Brian J. Day. THIOCYANATE: A potentially useful therapeutic agent with host defense and antioxidant properties. In: Biochem 2012 Dec 1; 84(11): 1381–1387.
  1. Mäkinen KK (1985). Effect of sugars and sugar alcohols on salivary peroxidase. In: The lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance. Pruitt KM, Tenovuo J, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 203-216.
  1. Mikola H, Waris M, Tenovuo J (1995). Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus type 11 by peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite. Antiviral Res 26:161-171.
  1. Nieuw Amerongen AV, Veerman ECI (2002). Saliva—the defender of the oral cavity. Oral Dis 8:12-22.
  1. Pourtois M, Binet C, Van Tieghem N, Courtois P, Vandenabbeele A, Thiry L (1990). Inhibition of HIV infectivity by lactoperoxidase produced hypothiocyanite. J Biol Buccale 18:251-253.
  1. Pruitt KM, Tenovuo JO (1985). The lactoperoxidase system: chemistry and biological significance. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  1. Tenovuo J (2002). Clinical applications of antimicrobial host proteins lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin in xerostomia: efficacy and safety. Oral Dis 8:23-29.
  1. Oram, J. D., and B. Reiter. 1966. The inhibition of streptococci by lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. The effect of the inhibitory system on susceptible and resistant strains of group streptococci. Biochem. J. 100:373-381.
  1. Oram, J. D., and B. Reiter. 1966. The oxidation of thiocyanate and the nature of the inhibitory compound. Biochem. J. 100:382-388.
  1. Singh, P. K., B. F. Tack, P. B. McCray, Jr., and M. J. Welsh. 2000. Synergistic and additive killing by antimicrobial factors found in human airway surface liquid. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 279:L799–L805.
  1. Gerson, C., J. Sabater, M. Scuri, A. Torbati, R. Coffey, J. W. Abraham, I. Lauredo, R. Forteza, A. Wanner, M. Salathe, W. M. Abraham, and G. E. Conner. 2000. The lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:665–671.
  1. Johansen, C., P. Falholt, and L. Gram. 1997. Enzymatic removal and disinfection of bacterial biofilms. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3724–3728.
  1. Shin, K.Yamauchi, S.Teraguchi, H.Hayasawa, I. Imoto Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori and its urease activity to the peroxidase=hydrogen peroxide – thiocyanite antimicrobial system J.Med. Microbiol Vol 51 (2002), 231-237.
  1. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):569-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1241165. Epub 2013 Jul 4. Smith PM1, Howitt MR, Panikov N, Michaud M, Gallini CA, BohloolyY M, Glickman JN, Garrett WS. The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis.
  1. 2014;63:1275-83, Joosens, Jabino et al, Decreases in butyrate-producing species defines dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
  1. Proc Nutr Soc.2007;32:49-52. The relation between diet and the gut microflora in man.
  1. Gijs den Besten et al, Journal of Lipid Research 2013 vol.54 no 9 2325-40. The role of SCFAs in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota and host energy metabolism.
  1. TransMed (2017) 15:73. Singh et al. The influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health.
  1. Ueda et al., 1997 Hypothiocyanite and Lactoperoxidase in Milk
  1. Shin et al. 2000. Lactoperoxidase in Tears
  1. Owens et al. 1997. LPO destroys cell wall of bacteria and thus contributes to immunological defence.
  1. Popper and Knorr; 1997. Jacob et al. 2000. LPO can exert anti-fungal effect on both bacteria and fungi.
  1. Kumen and Bhatla, 1995. Preserve raw milk during transportation and processing.
  1. Jacob et al, 1998 and 2000. Most pathogenic bacteria are inhibited by LPO system. The system is an effective agent against many of the diseases caused by organisms in plants and animals.
  1. Sisecioglu et al., 2010. Prohibitive effect of LPO on some pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
  1. Antiviral activity of cell free hypothiocyanite against various subtypes of Influenza virus. J Immunol May 1, 2017, 198 (1 Supplement) 148.17; Aaron Gingerich, Urmi Patel, Jarod Hanson, Balazs Rada and Ralph A Trip.
  1. Susceptibility of influenza viruses to hypothiocyanite and hypoiodite produced by lactoperoxidase in a cell-free system. Urmi Patel, Aaron Gingerich, Lauren Widman, Demba Sarr, Ralph A. Tripp, Balázs Rada. Published: July 25, 2018 journal.pone.0199167
  1. Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of the Hypothiocyanite Anion towards Streptococcus lactis and Escherichia coli. VALERIE M. E. MARSHALL and REITER. First Published: 01 October 1980 doi.org/10.1099/00221287–120–2–513
  1. Acta Virol. 2018;62(4):401-408. doi: 10.4149/av_2018_408. Antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite produced by lactoperoxidase against influenza A and B viruses and mode of its antiviral action. Sugita C, Shin K, Wakabayashi H, Tsuhako R, Yoshida H, Watanabe W, Kurokawa M.
  1. Panon G, Tache S, Labie C. Antiviral Substances in Raw Bovine Milk Active Against Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus. J Food Protection. 1987: 50:862-886
  1. Fischer, JA. Augmenting antiviral host defense in the respiratory epithelium. PhD thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.9hpirtqh
  1. In vitro antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite against A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza virus; Cegolon, C. Salata, E. Piccoli, V. Juarez, G. Palu, G. Mastrangelo, A. Calistri; 2014
  1. Purification of Bovine Milk Lactoperoxidase and Investigation of Antibacterial Properties at Different Thiocyanate Mediated T. Uguz & H. Ozdemir Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology volume 41, pages349–353 (2005)
  1. Effects of a mouthwash with chlorine dioxide on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a randomized placebo-controlled 7-day trial. Kayoko Shinada, Masayuki Ueno, Chisato Konishi, Sachiko Takehara, Sayaka Yokoyama, Takashi Zaitsu, Mari Ohnuki,Fredrick Allan Clive Wright &  Yoko Kawaguchi   Trials volume 11, Article number: 14 (2010)
  1. Lactoperoxidase immobilization on silver nanoparticles enhances its antimicrobial activity Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh, Muhammad Yasir, Imran Khan, Sher Bahadur Khan, Naveed Azum, Essam Hussain Jiffri, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Mohd Amin Beg Journal of Dairy Research 2018 August 23, : 1-5
  1. Effect of lactoperoxidase on the antimicrobial effectiveness of the thiocyanate hydrogen peroxide combination in a quantitative suspension test. A Welk, Ch Meller, R Schubert, Ch Schwahn, A Kramer & H Below  BMC Microbiology volume 9, Article number: 134 (2009)
  1. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Oct;7(5):315-20. Inhibition of Candida albicans by the Peroxidase/SCN-/H2O2 system. Lenander–Lumikari M1
  1. Effect of the Nature and Relative Concentration of Substrate, Water Mineralization, and Storage Temperature on the Oxidants Produced by Lactoperoxidase and on Their Antifungal Activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea Françoise Bafort 1,* , Christian Damblon 2 , Georges C. Lognay 3 , Jean-Paul Barthelemy 3 , Jean-Paul Perraudin 4 and Mohamed Haïssam Jijakli 1. Published: 8 January 2019
  1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 May;163:451-457. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.013. Epub 2019 Mar 13. The science of licking your wounds: Function of oxidants in the innate immune system. Day BJ
  2. Hypothiocyanite produced by human and rat epithelial cells inactivates extracellular H1N2 influenza A virus. Gingerich A et al. Infl Res vol65 pages 71-80 (2016)
  1. Candida Albicans susceptibility to lactoperoxidase-generated hypoiodite. Mohamed Ahariz1, et al
  1. Antibacterial Potential of an Antimicrobial Agent Inspired by Peroxidase-Catalyzed Systems. Front. Microbiol., 02 May 2017 fmicb.2017.00680Lilit Tonoyan, Fleming,TA Paul H. Mc Cay, Ruairi Friel and Vincent O’Flaherty.
  1. THIOCYANATE: A potentially useful therapeutic agent with host defense and antioxidant properties✩ Joshua D. Chandlerand Brian J. Day Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Dec 1; 84(11): 1381–1387.

For further information, reading and references, go to:

Hypothiocyanite - Wikipedia

Patents and Trademarks

Our original patent covered the chemicals and techniques to create the active molecules including OSCEAUN®

We will register tradenames in markets where it will be important.

In early 2025, we applied for a second patent   Our technology is new and we had identified methods and equipment to ensure OSCEAN® was delivered to the places where Pathogens were causing problems.

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